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OBJECTIVE@#By observing the effect of inner-heating acupuncture on the expression of Wnt1, Axin and β-catenin in the intervertebral disc of rats with lumbar degenerative disease and to explore the regulatory mechanism of inner-heating acupuncture on the apoptosis of annulus fibrosus cells in rats with lumbar degenerative disease.@*METHODS@#Forty SD rats were randomly divided into normal group, model group, inner heating acupuncture group and acupuncture group with 10 rats in each group. Except for normal group, all rats were modeled. Bilateral were selected for inner-heating acupuncture and acupuncture treatment. Western-bolt assay was used to detect the expression of Wnt1, Axin and β-catenin in rat intervertebral discs.@*RESULTS@#Compared with the model group, Wnt1 and β-catenin expression in annulus fibrosus cells of rats in the inner heating acupuncture group and the acupuncture group were significantly decreased(0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#Inner heating acupuncture can down regulate the expression of Wnt1 and β-catenin and up regulate the expression of Axin in annulus fibrosus of rats with lumbar degenerative desease. It is suggested that the mechanism may be to regulate the expression of related factors in the β-catenin signaling pathway, so as to achieve the goal of treating lumbar degenerative diseases.
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Animals , Rats , Acupuncture Therapy , Heating , Intervertebral Disc , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , beta CateninABSTRACT
Objective To compare the differences of bacterial distribution of intestinal flora in Microtus fortis living under laboratory feeding and wild survival conditions. Methods The 16S rDNA-V4-V5 region of bacteria in the ileocecal contents from Microtus fortis raised in lab and captured in wild were measured by high-throughput sequencing. The number of operational taxonomic units(OTUs)were sorted and calculated,and the species abundance and distribution and difference were analyzed. Results The rarefaction curves indicated that adequate sampling was achieved. At the phylum level,the distribution of intestinal flora between two groups was similar. The experimental group had a unique phylum, Lentisphaerae. The wild type group had 3 unique phylums,Fusobacteria,Thaumarchaeota and an unclassified phylum. At the genus level, the kind of intestinal flora in the wild type group was more abundant than the experimental group. Ruminococcus is the largest differential genus. Conclusions The microbial community structure and differences of Microtus fortis living under different conditions are obtained. It may further enrich the basic biology data of Microtus fortis.
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OBJECTIVE: To prepare nimodipine-loaded nanoemulsion(NimNE) suitable for intranasal administration and preliminary investigate their physical and chemical properties and brain tissue targeting. METHODS: Nanoemulsion were prepared using titration method and characterized for viscosity, pH, globule size and size distributions, Zeta potential and ciliotoxicity. Biodistribution of NimNE and Nim solution in the brain tissue and plasma of rats following intranasal and intravenous administrations were examined using HPLC. RESULTS: The optimal nanoemulsion formulation consisted of isopropyl myristate(IPM), solutol® HS-15/glycerin(4:1) and water and were transparent and stable with mean globule size between 20 to 30 nm and almost no ciliotoxicity. After intranasal (in) administration of NimNE at a dose of 2 mg·kg-1, the ratios of AUC in brain tissues to that in plasma obtained after nasal administration were significantly higher than those after iv administration in 240 min. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that the nanoemulsion system is a promising approach for intranasal delivery of Nim to brain tissue. Copyright 2012 by the Chinese Pharmaceutical Association.
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Objective To develop an easy,rapid and reproducible cefotaxime-agar medium(CTX- AM)for phenotypic detection of extended-spectrum ?-lactamases(ESBLs)and AmpC ?-lactamases (AmpCs)in Enterobacteriaceae.Methods The surface of a cefotaxime(CTX,0.5 ?g/ml)-Mueller- Hinton agar and ceftizoxime(CAZ,1 ?g/ml)-Mueller-Hinton agar plate was inoculated with a lawn of E. coli ATCC 25922 according to the standard disk diffusion method,respectively.Immediately prior to use.blank and clavulanic acid(10 ?g),cloxacillin(300 ?g),clavulanic acid/cloxacillin(10/300 ?g) disk were rehydrated with 10 ?l of saline and several colonies of each test organism were applied to disks. Then the results of CTX-AM method to interpret based on a zone of growth around the periphery of disks.A total 58 of ESBL and AmpC producing and non-producing isolates of Enterobacteriaceae,as identified by the double-disk enhancement test(DDET)and the three-dimensional extract method(TDEM).were used to evaluate the CTX-AM method.Positive control(E.cloacae 029M,K.pneumoniae ATCC 700603)and negative control(E.coli ATCC 25922)strains were included.Results The results of CTX-AM method were similar to the DDET and TDEM method for detecting ESBLs and AmpC production in Enterobacteriaceae,respectively.But inhibitor-resistant ?-lactamase(IR-BLs)and other ?-lactamases were not detected by DDET method.Conclusions The new method described here allows for testing of ESBL and AmpCs on a single plate.It is easy to perform and interpret,and also cost-effective,clinical laboratories may use this technique routinely to detect the oresence of ESBL and AmoCs.